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Heat and Temperature

Heat is a form of energy caused by the kinetic energy or the energy of motion of atoms and molecules.
Temperature is very similar to heat but don't mix these to words up, they mean different things.
While heat is basically the sum of kinetic energy, temperature is the measure of the average speed of atoms in a sample, or the average sum of kinetic energy in an object. A thermometer like the one above, measures temperature.

This is a Molecule.
All those circles are atoms and they're all stuck together.
Just like we told you!

A very Educational Video

What Are Atoms and Molecules

Atoms and molecules: the building blocks of everything. Matter is made up of atoms and matter is what everything is made of. Both atoms and molecules are to small to see even under a microscope, yet they are everywhere. Molecules are clusters of different atoms stuck together to make a specific substance. An atom is make up of numerous parts. In the middle is the nucleous. Around that there are even smaller particles called electrons circling around the center at amazing speeds. That is an Atom.

Examples of Heat Transfer

You might still be confused about the three types of heat transfer. Here are some examples in your house on conduction, convection, and radiation.

conduction: At home: some eggs on a pan, your tongue on some hot food, your finger under the hot stream of water, your hand on the warm cup of hot chocolate, your skin in the hot shower. In the movie theater: finger on hot popcorn, burning your tongue on the hot dogs, pretzels, and nachos. At the amusement park: hands on food, finger on heated metal railings. At a restaurant: spoon in hot soup, tongue on very very hot spaghetti, washing your hands under some warm water.

convection: At home: steam coming up from some hot soup, the moving wax in your typical lava lamp, the smoke and heat coming up from the fire in your fireplace, the smell of food cooking, the popcorn for your party popping in the microwave. In the movie theater: popping popcorn (obviously) smells of food, the air conditioners in the theater. At the amusement park: the smell of chlorine from the water portion of the park, smoke from the smog in the parking lot, the smell of food, the really cold water at the bottom of the pool and the nice and warm water at the top of the pool.

radiation: At home: the sun's rays on the laundry drying outside, the warmth from the fire on your back, how a microwave heats food, your body heat escaping your body, the heat from the heater, the warmth from the oven, the ice cream dissolving in your mouth the bright light from the lamp in the living room. At the movie theater: the body heat from the people around you, the heat from the popcorn machine, the light from the movie screen. At the amusement park: the hot sun on your back, the heat from all the ovens and pizzerias, the light from all the bright lamps, the heat from the engines of the roll coasters and rides.

A close up of an atom

Atoms and Molecules and Kinetic Energy

All matter is made of molecules, which are made of atoms. They are everywhere. The air you breathe, the clothes you are wearing, the food you just ate, these things are all made of atoms and molecules. Atoms and Molecules are always moving. When they are heated (as you already know) they start moving faster and getting lighter. If an object is a solid liquid or gas, depends on how fast the molecules are moving. The movement of the atoms is called Kinetic Energy. An objects kinetic energy is how fast the molecules inside it are moving.

How is Heat Transferred

You've already learned about the three types of heat transfer. Now, you will learn about how heat effects atoms and molecules. In a solid object, the atoms and molecules are tightly packed together. This is the reason why the objects maintains a solid form. If the object is heated, the molecules start moving faster making it harder to keep the object together. This turns the object into liquid, like ice into water. Heat transfer is when faster moving molecules make molecules around them move faster, transferring heat. In conduction, the faster moving molecules collide with the slower moving molecules, pushing and shoving them to make them go faster too. This is what happens if you get a burned. Convection on the other hand, is when heat is transferred through liquids and gasses. When molecules in gasses and liquids get heated they start moving faster and farther apart making the gas/liquid lighter. This is what makes steam and smoke rise. Finally radiaton. Heat and light enegy can be transferred through a vacuum by radiation. Heat in the form of radiation travels through space in electromagnetic waves. An example would be the heat from the sun or a fire. We all radiate heat, no matter how little. We call it body heat!

Heat Transfer

There are three types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Take a look at the picture of a person trying to cook pizza over a fire. In order to successfully cook the pizza, the person needs radiation from the fire. Radiation heat is like the heat from a fire or the heat you feel from the sun. Radiation is heat waves. You can't actually see them but you can feel them. Then, there is conduction. Conduction is when you touch something and you can feel the heat directly from the object. For example, if you touch a hot plate you can feel the heat from it and you try to take your finger away as fast as you can, before you get burned! Finally, there is convection. Convection is when heat is transfered through liquids or gases. It's makes the wax inside a lava lamp move. It is also the steam that comes up from a pot of boiling water. But how does all this happen? It is all about the atoms and molecules.